Activity 3.1 - Resources: Investigations and GIS in Schools and Communities


You may find some of the resources listed below helpful as you begin to think about working with GIS software in your classroom.

Investigations and GIS in Schools and Communities

A resource list for teachers, by Beverly Hunter for Project VISIT

Updated October 2, 2002

This document provides links to three types of resources that teachers can use to learn  about and conduct educational  investigations that use geospatial data and GIS tools:  You are welcome to keep a copy of this list on your computer to use as an ongoing reference in your work.

  1. Web sites that provide support for educational  investigations, e.g. online data, interactive visualization and mapping tools, connections with people, venue for publishing students' work, and other forms of support.
  2. Articles about investigations and GIS in schools, including investigations developed by VISIT teacher leaders and their students.
  3. Environmental science curricula that incorporate some use of GIS tools, by David Wicks.

For online sources of geo-referenced data, please see the VISIT Guide to Online Sources of Geo-Referenced Data..

I. Web Sites Providing Online Support for Educational Investigations

Nature Mapping  

Land Use Planning Project

http://www.riveredgenc.com/html/landuse.html

Global Rivers Environmental Education Network (GREEN)

Pathfinder Science (formerly called KANCRN Collaborative Research Network )

Water on the Web

Thornton Creek Project

The GLOBE Program

World Bank Development Education Program

Lewis and Clark Education Center

Earth Observing System Education Center

Community Atlas

II. Articles About GIS Investigations and GIS in Schools

A. Research Reports and Articles on GIS in Education

The Effectiveness of GIS in High School Education by Joseph Kerski and Steve Wanner, VISIT Teacher Leaders

GIS in Education: An Examination of Pedagogy

Extending Scientific Inquiry with GIS: Research Results

Fits, Starts, and Headway: The Implementation of Geographic Information Systems Technology and Methods in Beginning and Advanced High School Geography Courses by Joseph Kerski and Steve Wanner, VISIT Teacher Leaders

How do high school students think thematic maps work?

A New Way to See. Geographic Information Brings Environmental Sciences to Life Adapted from Science and Children, January 2000 By Melinda Walker, Julie Casper, Frank Hissong, and Elizabeth Rieben http://www.blm.gov/education/00_resources/articles/gis/

 

Data Tools for Real-World Learning  in The ISTE journal - Leading and Learning with Technology, Beverly Hunter, http://www.piedmontresearch.org/bib/ISTE.html

 

Mapping the Environment to Meet Educational Standards

B. Reports on and Examples of School and Community Projects Using GIS

Integrating GIS into Secondary Science Education: An ArcIMS Approach

HAZMAT High School by Walter Paul, a VISIT Teacher Leader

Ecological Classification by Bob Saxton, a VISIT Teacher Leader

DetroitCassTech by Randy Raymond, a VISIT Teacher Leader

Inner City High School Students Analyze Los Angeles Demographics by Herschel Sarnoff, a VISIT Teacher Leader

High School Students' Investigation of Radon in the Friuli-Venezia Region of Italy An Example of Project-Based Learning

Inventorying Urban Trees

Introducing Geography and Technology into Science Via Biodiversity

Understanding Ground-Level Ozone
Using GIS and ArcView Image Analysis

 Class Uncovers Historic Census Information

History with GIS: Mapping Through Georgia

Computer Mapping and Spatial Reasoning -- Tucson

A Middle School Watershed Education Program Utilizing GIS

A River Runs Through the Web (Cuyahoga River Watershed)

Kids as Community Experts: Using GIS to Promote Community Agendas

School Connecting with the Community

Schools Using Mapping to Solve Community Problems

CoastalStudies  

Eagles Nesting  

EARTHscope(tm): A Design-Science "Geo-Story-Telling" Tool for K-12  

K-12 School and Community: Exploring Problems Locally
EOS Education Project: The Firewise Information System
 

Equipping Tomorrow’s GIS Technicians – Competency Based Training

IV.  Environmental Science Curricula That Use GIS Tools

Environmental Education and Geographic Information Systems:

An Annotated Bibliography of Curriculum Fall 2002

by David Wicks and Anita Palmer

 

The following introduction and list was compiled by David Wicks and Anita Palmer.  It includes several of the web sites that are also listed in section I above in this VISIT resource list.

 Environmental Education (EE) is about exploring environmental problems and their solutions. Environmental problems are complex and their solutions require understanding scientific historical, political, economic and cultural perspectives. Environmental Education develops of a personal sense of place and understanding of how objects and events are connected to it. In the EE tool box (Defining Environmental Education, a unit in the EE Toolbox) the following assumptions are made about EE;

  • EE rests on a foundation of knowledge about social and ecological systems.
  • Knowledge lays the groundwork for analyzing environmental problems, resolving conflicts, and preventing new problems from arising.
  • EE includes the affective domain: attitudes, values, and commitments necessary to build a sustainable society.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a complex computerized mapping, database and graphic software package that visualizes layers of spatial data. The user manipulates the hardware, which engages the software, to work on the data. Together, they handle

  • Computerizing of information (data entry, either through digitizing, scanning, keyboard entry, or data transfer)
  • Data selection and query (information processing through database manipulation and advanced math analysis functions)
  • Data display (map creation through drawing capacity)

There are a growing number of EE curricula which uses GIS as an integral theme or an analysis tool. In this bibliography we looked for EE curricula that were easily replicable and available. We included programs that were regional in focus, and could be applicable to environmental educators across the U.S. We focused on programs that used GIS as a tool to explore specific content areas and through hands on use students would understand and be able to take advantage of GIS. If you wish to review additional stand alone activities and units, ESRI maintains an awesome database of tried and true activities, visit their website. www.esri.com/arclessons.

This bibliography is a starting point. The authors realize that some materials may have been left off, if you know of one, please forward the name of the program and contact information to the authors. While we have reviewed all the packets included, but we are not endorsing the quality nor all of the facts and procedures in each packet.

Dr. David Wicks Anita M. Palmer
JCPS Center for EE GIS Etc

Gheens Academy Educational Technology Consultants
4425 Preston Highway 1409 S. Lamar #438
Louisville, KY 40213 Dallas, TX 75287
(502) 485-3295 214) 485-3819
dwicks1@jefferson.k12.ky.us
gisetc@aol.com

Community Mapping: http://www.orton.org/programs/mapping/

The Community Mapping Program supports students, educators and community organization representatives in a process of discovery and learning. Students work with community groups, using hands-on resources, including geographic information systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS), to actively investigate social, economic and ecological systems, identify and solve local problems, and develop enduring connections. Displays, brochures, wall maps, data bases and web pages are among the products created by this community mapping work to help the public understand more about where they live

For a more advanced version, people might want to try the Orton Foundation program called Community Viz.

CITYgreen http://www.americanforests.org/productsandpubs/citygreen/

CITYgreen is a powerful GIS application for land-use planning and policy-making. The software conducts complex statistical analyses of ecosystem services and creates easy-to-understand maps and reports. CITYgreen calculates dollar benefits based on your specific site conditions.

CITYgreen analyzes, Storm water Runoff, Air Quality, Summer Energy Savings, Carbon Storage and Avoidance and Tree Growth. With CITYgreen, you can take advantage of natural systems to produce the maximum economic benefits for your growing community. CITYgreen uses the most up-to-date scientific research to calculate the dollar value of trees and vegetation

DataScape -

DataScape® is an ArcView GIS® version 3 application which can be used in conjunction with courses at the secondary school and college levels, including geography, world studies, environmental studies, ecology, biology, economics, and math.

DataScape was designed as a tool for inquiry. It enables students of any age to explore the landscape of environmental, social, and economic data in their world and to use these data to formulate questions that may or may not have immediate answers. In using DataScape students also develop crucial skills for twenty-first century job seekers and citizens such as analytical thinking, information literacy, and spatial analysis.

Earthguide -- http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/

CalSpace at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD

Earthguide is an educational resource in Earth and Environmental science for both students and teachers, sponsored by the California Space Institute at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Exploring Earthquakes in Space and Time Through the Internet and a GIS:

http://rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov/public/outreach/quakegis/main.html

This module contains an exercise in which students are asked to examine the frequency and distribution of earthquake epicenters and compare these epicenters to the distribution of plate boundaries and cities. Students download earthquake epicenters for the last several days and for an entire year from the Internet, and map the information using ArcView geographic information system (GIS), and analyze the patterns that become evident.

GEODESY http://www.bgrg.com/geodesy

GEODESY is a comprehensive and integrated application of remote sensing and geographic information systems for K-12 schools. Its objective is to enhance the relationship between computer literacy and geographic awareness, allowing students to widen their vision of the Earth's inter-related systems through the use of digital geographic data.

Students and teachers using GEODESY learn to interpret and analyze geographic information about their local community. The program is embedded within a graphical-user interface that organizes and presents geographic tools and data within the construct of the National Geography for Life Standards. Students will be empowered to answer relevant questions about WHERE they are, WHY they are there, and HOW they can enhance the quality of life of their community, and ultimately, in our world.

GLOBE http://www.globe.gov/

GLOBE is a worldwide hands-on, primary and secondary school-based science and education program.

For Students, GLOBE provides the opportunity to learn by:

· Taking scientifically valid measurements in the fields of atmosphere, hydrology, soils, and land cover/phenology - depending upon their local curricula

· Reporting their data through the Internet to the student data archive

· Creating maps and graphs on the free interactive Web site to analyze data sets

· Collaborating with scientists and other GLOBE students around the world

GLOBE provides assistance through: Training at professional development workshops, Teacher's guides, "how-to" videos, and a help desk.

The Great Lakes Information Center http://www.great-lakes.net

The GLIN Information Center serves up Great Lakes news, a regional events calendar, a laws and policy reference guide, and links to current job opportunities and funding sources. TEACH Great Lakes features mini-lessons on many Great Lakes topics: environment, history & culture, geography, pollution and careers & business. Geared for elementary through high school students, the modules are continually expanded and updated and include links to a glossary to help explain scientific terms and acronyms. This site has four major parts: GIS Datasets, Online Mapping, Map Gallery, and Resources. Users can search for datasets by topic, geographic regions, organizations, or at the GLIN Data Access (GLINDA) Clearinghouse.

The Jason Project http://www.jason.org/

The JASON Project is a multi-disciplinary program that sparks the imagination of students and enhances the classroom experience. From oceans to rain forests, from polar regions to volcanoes, the JASON Project explores Planet Earth and exposes students to leading scientists who work with them to examine its biological and geological development.

From the depths of dark oceans to the heights of wet rain forests, from icy Polar Regions to red-hot volcanoes, the JASON Project travels the world, taking students and teachers on an exciting educational adventure. The JASON Project brings adventure and the thrill of discovery into the classroom, exploring the following questions:

1. What are nature's dynamic systems?       

2. How do these systems affect life?       

3. What technologies do we use to study these systems and why?

Journey North http://www.learner.org/jnorth/

Journey North tracks wildlife migration during the different seasons of the year.
The journeys of a dozen migratory species are tracked each spring. Students share their own field observations with classrooms across the Hemisphere. In addition, students are linked with scientists who provide their expertise directly to the classroom. Several migrations are tracked by satellite telemetry, providing live coverage of individual animals as they migrate. As the spring season sweeps across the Hemisphere, students note changes in daylight, temperatures, & all living things as the food chain comes back to life. Over 7,500 schools, representing more than 370,000 students, participated in the 2002 Journey North Program. These students are from all 50 U.S. States and 7 Canadian Provinces

Mapping Our City: Learning to Use Spatial Data in the Middle School Science Classroom --- McWilliams, Harold; Rooney, Paul. 1997.. TERC, Cambridge, MA. 8 p. http://mapcity.terc.edu/

Mapping Our City is a two-year project in which middle school teachers and students in Boston explore the uses of GIS in project-based science, environmental education, and geography. This paper is a progress report on how those students are creating and using spatial data to analyze an urban river. Key findings include the use of maps to focus student attention on spatial aspects of the data, the use of GIS to organize and store students data, and making GIS technology earlier to use.

Mapping Our Environment: http://www.mobot.org/education/mapping/

Mapping our environment is a curriculum of the Missouri Botanical Garden. It has an excellent overview and intro to GIS skills, then provides projects in climate, natural history and elevation.

Mapping Our School Site http://www.ncsu.edu/scilink/studysite/

Mapping Our School Site (MOSS) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a project in which teachers and their students monitor a 10-meter by 10-meter site on their school campuses. The data collected is used to formulate and analyze the relationships between the abiotic and biotic components of the environment. Problem questions formulated by student research groups are analyzed using GIS, phenomena are modeled, and results are communicated.

Mapping our World www.esri.com/mappingourworld

Mapping Our World is a robust curricular package. It contains seven modules with 19 complete GIS lesson plans covering key elements of both physical and human geography. The book includes a one-year instructional-use site license of ArcView version 3.x for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh computers, geographic data for all of the lessons, and a teacher resource CD-ROM including digital versions of the lessons and other resources. The seven modules of the book are built around different geographic themes. Students investigate each theme on three different levels, with a different lesson for each level.

o The global perspective lesson targets first-time GIS students and gives them the opportunity to explore real data from around the world, create maps, and ask essential questions.

o The regional case study lesson also targets first-time GIS students, but focuses on a particular area of the world, allowing students to access regional information and data, and to analyze regional issues.

o The advanced investigation lesson targets experienced ArcView users, requiring significant independent work, self-motivation, and sophisticated problem-solving skills.

Mission Geography   http://www.missiongeography.org/revcrit.htm

The project addresses the critical national need to improve the quality of both science and geography education and literacy. This need is especially acute in the areas of physical geography and environment-society relations because an informed citizenry is vital for confronting issues related to global environmental change and economic, political, and social change related to resource scarcity


The Nature Mapping Program
http://www.fish.washington.edu/naturemapping

NatureMapping teaches students how to monitor and report the wildlife they observe and the habitats they observe them in. This can include wildlife at a backyard feeder, on a woodland or prairie hike, in a school yard, or at your place of employment... anywhere you observe wildlife. The data you collect is reported to us via this website so that it can be used and viewed by participants or anyone else that has an interest in wildlife and habitats.

NatureMapping allows humans to learn more about fellow living beings with whom we share this earth. It helps us find out "who's out there" and where they live. NatureMapping is a perfect way to use your appreciation of nature and contribute much needed information about common wildlife species.

 

SAGUARO: Science and GIS Unlocking Analysis and Research Opportunities http://www.saguaro.geo.arizona.edu/about.htm

Using GIS as a problem solving and inquiry tool in the Earth Sciences. Using GIS in the classroom allows for data manipulation, exploration and an inquiry- based approach. Students are able to visualize the data, use current data, and explore patterns on the global scale and then apply that to a local scale. Our modules use a multimedia approach, incorporating animations, video, audio, and digital stills. And while students may learn some technological skills, computer skills are not necessary. Currently there are three complete modules: Exploring Tropical Cyclones, Exploring the Dynamic Earth, Exploring Water Resources. 

Pathfinder's Science curriculum     http://pathfinderscience.net/

A very dynamic program with a long history, well develop GIS projects including: Keeping An Eye on Ozone, Stream Monitoring, UVB and DNA, Global Warming, Winter Bird Survey, Lichens and SO2, Digital Monarch Watch, Amphibian Biomonitoring, Particulate Monitoring and Construction Function.

PROJECT T.I.E.S. "Targeted Investigations In Environmental Science" http://www.rst2.edu/ties/

This project will enable SCIENCE and SOCIAL SCIENCE teachers in grades 9-12 to integrate science and use technology to elucidate interdisciplinary linkages by incorporating Targeted Investigations in Environmental Science – TIES.   The TIES project examines humankind's use and disposal of chemicals, including the impact of decision-making on the environment and health.  These issues center on linkages among: scientific content; concepts of data analysis; sociological concerns; economic considerations; and political perspectives.

Visit http://www.emich.edu/visit

VISIT is an online professional development Collaboratory for middle and secondary school teachers.  Teachers learn to develop their own projects and lessons with the support of Teacher Leaders and a wide range of lessons and other resources.  Teachers develop skill in using geo-referenced data sets and tools for geospatial visualization and analysis, and integrating these into their own curriculum. Supported by the National Science Foundation, this Collaboratory offers three free graduate credits in science education for teachers who complete requirements for a 3-credit online course.  

Visualizing Earth - http://visearth.ucsd.edu

Visualizing Earth addresses four primary goals:

· Promote fundamental research in cognition and visualization

· Adapt existing GIS technology and data sources for ease of use in schools

· Develop model curriculum at the middle school level to support cognition and visualization research

· Support implementation of national education standards in science, math and geography

 

Introducing Water on the Web http://wow.nrri.umn.edu/wow/index.html

Water on the Web (WOW) offers unique opportunities for high school and first year college students to learn basic science through hands-on science activities, in the lab and in the field, and by working with state-of-the-art technologies accessible through a free web site. Teacher and student lesson plans can be found on the site under the headings "Teacher" and "Student". Real water quality data, provided in real-time and archived formats, is obtained through the project's Remote Underwater Sampling Stations (RUSS).

The Ways of the Watersheds: An educator's guide to the environmental and cultural dynamics of New York City's water supplies

This K-12 curriculum guide is a 250-page manual incorporating a wide variety of experience-based activities exploring current water issues and terminology. Diverse enough to be used in academic studies ranging from social studies, math, economics, language arts and all of the sciences, to drama and art. Although this guide focuses on the water supplies of New York City throughout its seven chapters: hydrology, geology, ecology, pollution sources, development, technology and water conservation, the lessons may be easily adapted to other regions.

World Watcher http://www.worldwatcher.nwu.edu/curriculumHS.htm

The WorldWatcher High School Curriculum Project is a yearlong, inquiry-based, visually intensive environmental science curriculum centered on three key issues: The relationship between population growth and resource availability; Electricity generation and meeting the demand for energy; Managing water resources for agricultural use and human consumption. In the first unit, students are introduced to the investigation techniques that they will use throughout the curriculum. They begin to wrestle with the problems of sustainability as they investigate the growth in human population and resource usage.

Background Papers:

A New Way to See. Geographic Information Brings Environmental Sciences to Life Adapted from Science and Children, January 2000 By Melinda Walker, Julie Casper, Frank Hissong, and Elizabeth Rieben http://www.blm.gov/education/00_resources/articles/gis/

Data Tools for Real-World Learning in The ISTE journal - Leading and Learning with Technology, Beverly Hunter, http://www.piedmontresearch.org/bib/ISTE.html



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